FacebookTwitterDiggStumbleuponGoogle BookmarksRedditTechnoratiLinkedin

Quartz vs Pyrex Glass Calculations

Scritto da Nicolas Chauvin on .

Intro:

We have been having a lot of discussion within our team and within the scientific community around this effort about the difference between using the quartz glass we currently have the borosilicate (commonly known as Pyrex) that Celani used.  To try to get a better understanding of the trade offs, team member and engineer Nicolas Chauvin performed the detailed modeling of the heat radiation off the wire and the transmittance through the different kinds of glass. Since Quartz glass is more transparent to the infrared wavelengths, our cell could lose a significant amount amount of the heat energy compared to Celanis.  This means we would have to put in more energy to keep the cell at temperature and more heat from any New Fire effect would be radiated away through the glass without making the cell warmer and being detected.  

Nic's Analysis:

Depending on the type of glass we are using for the tube to make the cell, we have realized that we could lose part of the energy through the glass, as some material are transparent to near infrared.

With such potential losses, the Stefan-Boltzmann law would be approximative to calculate the output heat from the cell, as the cell would not behave strictly as a black body.

StefanBoltzmann.png


So we decided to make a little analysis of the amount of power loss we are talking about.
To do this analysis, we developed Excel spread sheet containing the Planck curves from any temperature we want to study.

 PlanckCurveLinear

 PlanckCurveLog

 

Then we entered the transmittance of the two types of glass we are currently testing for the cell's tube: Pyrex 7740 borosllicate and fused fused silica (fused quartz). We have compiled the transmittance data for several thickness of glass, thus we will be able to improve the design of the cell by choosing the most appropriate thickness.

BorosilicateTransmittance

FusedSilicaTransmittance

 

By multiplying the power density from Planck's curve with the transmittance of the glass, we can determine the power density kept inside the cell and the loss we have through the glass tube. And we can do this for any temperature inside the cell.

 

 Here at 560°K (287°C) with a 3.0mm thick borosilicate glass tube:BorosilicatePowerDensity

 

And here at 700°K (427°C) with a 3.0mm thick fused quartz glass tube:

FusedQuartzPowerDensity 

Finally, by integrating the power density curve over all wavelengths for the standard black body Planck curve and for the one corresponding to our glass cell, we can estimate the percentage of power lost through the glass.
And we can also multiply this integral by the median area of the glass surface to estimate the theoretical power loss through the glass.

For the temperature shown above, at 560°K (287°C) the 3.0mm thick borosilicate tube will have a loss of 1.67% or 3.24 Watts compared to the 3.0mm thick fused quartz tube that will have a loss of 9.42% or 18.31 Watts.
At a higher temperature of 700°K (427°C), the borosilicate tube will have a loss of 5.37% or 25.48 Watts and fused quartz tube 19.00% or 90.15 Watts.

By doing such calculation for different temperatures, we ended with the curves below.

For Pyrex 7740 Borosilicate:

BorosilicatePowerPowerLossPercent

BorosilicatePowerPowerLossWatt

 

And for the fused quartz:

FusedQuartzPowerPowerLossPercent

FusedQuartzPowerPowerLossWatt

 

In conclusion, the fused quartz allows us to achieve much higher temperature, however we would need to increase the thickness to at least 6.0mm to avoid having too much losses we will reduce the precision of our temperature and excess heat measurements.

And we will most probably run some tests with borosilicate tubes at lower temperature (~280°C) to perform a better output heat estimation using Stefan-Boltzmann law.

The Excel files with the full calculation can be accessed here (open the link then download it from File->Download):

Thanks for reading,

Nicolas

 

Add comment


Security code
Refresh

Comments   

 
0 #43 Cornell 2023-08-04 21:46
Jocurile de noroc funcționează după un algoritm RNG, tehnologie care face câștigurile
100% aleatorii.

my page; top casino online - Anitra: ohanataxi.com/.../...,
Quote
 
 
0 #42 Rosie 2023-08-02 06:34
I wrote this solely using my very own resources, on my own time,
and in the event you learn intently you’ll notice there is nothing USAP-particular here.
If you are utilizing TMG v4, choose Nederlands.

Look into my homepage ... demo casino slot, Venetta: images.google.com.ph/.../...,
Quote
 
 
0 #41 Maryellen 2023-07-31 08:13
Tv to catch up when you're not in a position entry internet streaming companies like Netflix!
With the directv app, you may entry your favorite content on any device with premium high quality - be it a wise Tv,
laptop computer or smartphone.

Look into my web blog; buffalo slot [Xiomara: google.be/.../...
Quote
 
 
0 #40 Lanny 2023-07-30 16:38
EOS je kryptoprojekt založený na blockchainu, který je navržen tak, aby
poskytoval decentralizovan é komerční nabídky.

Visit my web-site :: Startpage_Block Title_1: ivimall.com/.../...
Quote
 
 
0 #39 Lanny 2023-07-30 16:37
EOS je kryptoprojekt založený na blockchainu, který je navržen tak, aby
poskytoval decentralizovan é komerční nabídky.

Visit my web-site :: Startpage_Block Title_1: ivimall.com/.../...
Quote
 
 
0 #38 Evie 2022-05-19 13:49
Do you take in whatever? Please permit me acknowledge so that I Crataegus oxycantha scarcely subscribe.



Visit my webpage 스포츠토토 [disconnect-reconnect.net: disconnect-reconnect.net/.../. ..
Quote
 
 
0 #37 Pilar 2022-05-01 17:00
Hey! I cognise this is middling hit topic simply I was questioning which web log political program are you exploitation for this place?
I’m getting federal official up of WordPress because
I’ve had problems with hackers and I’m looking for at alternatives
for another program. I would be awing if you could luff me
in the guidance of a safe program.

Here is my web-site 토토사이트 추천 (4hourfriends.com: 4hourfriends.com/.../...
Quote
 
 
0 #36 Ruben 2022-04-22 17:33
simply be deliberate not to put off amount with lineament.
A 500-watchword gossip isn’t meliorate than a 100-intelligenc e scuttlebutt.
It’s normally upright basketball team multiplication thirster.
It’s o.k. to summarize

My webpage ... 토토사이트: tlil.nl/899385
Quote
 
 
0 #35 Morgan 2022-04-21 17:48
Each lame is assigned with an verbalise and the sports punter May are departure to bet within the totality.
Substance makes it simpler to recognise.

Stop by my web-site - 토토 [http://alturl.com: alturl.com/vzoee]
Quote
 
 
0 #34 Deon 2022-04-19 22:44
your go out barely starts talking. Did you do it they have got
a co-doer called Mr. Buttons? Did you have a go at it they let
a goober pea allergy? Hullo are using WordPress for your bblog chopine?

I’m young to the web log world-wide but I’m nerve-wracking to catch started and arrange up my possess.
Do you necessitate whatsoever hypertext mark-up language secret writing expertise to shuffling your possess
web log? Any service would be greatly appreciated!

Also visit my web page: 토토사이트 추천: dryerho.se/153334
Quote
 
 
0 #33 промокод додо 2021-04-06 19:07
В интернете есть много сайтов, которые собирают промокод додо: promokodmag.ruы от наиболее популярных онлайн-сервисов , ежедневно обновляя
информацию и добавляя новые коды.
Quote
 
 
0 #32 cheap nfl jerseys 2019-11-20 08:43
This info is priceless. When can I find out more?
Quote
 
 
0 #31 промокод беру 2019-09-23 06:27
В этой статье я собрал все промокоды Беру ру и купоны, которые будут действовать в августе — сентябре 2019 года.

Они позволят вам приобрести товары максимально выгодно.

Получите промокод беру: berunavse.ru.
Quote
 
 
0 #30 промокод беру 2019-09-23 06:27
В этой статье я собрал все промокоды Беру ру и купоны, которые будут действовать в августе — сентябре 2019 года.

Они позволят вам приобрести товары максимально выгодно.

Получите промокод беру: berunavse.ru.
Quote
 
 
0 #29 промокод беру 2019-09-23 06:26
В этой статье я собрал все промокоды Беру ру и купоны, которые будут действовать в августе — сентябре 2019 года.

Они позволят вам приобрести товары максимально выгодно.

Получите промокод беру: berunavse.ru.
Quote
 
 
0 #28 промокод беру 2019-09-23 06:26
В этой статье я собрал все промокоды Беру ру и купоны, которые будут действовать в августе — сентябре 2019 года.

Они позволят вам приобрести товары максимально выгодно.

Получите промокод беру: berunavse.ru.
Quote
 
 
0 #27 продвижение сайта 2019-09-20 23:32
Чтобы получать прибыль и иметь посещаемость на сайтах - нужно заказывать
продвижение сайта.
Выбирать исполнителя нужно тщательно и лучше опираться на его позиции и его портфолио.

Заказать комплексное продвижение сайта: 1-mecto.ru просто - а получить результат сложно.

Выбрав исполнителями нас, вы получаете профессиональны е услуги по продвижению сайта.
Quote
 
 
0 #26 스포츠분석사이트 2018-11-03 08:18
Hello Dear, are you actually visiting this web page on a regular
basis, if so then you will absolutely get nice knowledge.
Quote
 
 
0 #25 RosieJuicy 2018-10-21 14:46
Hi. I see that you don't update your blog too often. I know that writing content is time consuming and boring.
But did you know that there is a tool that allows you to create new
articles using existing content (from article
directories or other pages from your niche)?
And it does it very well. The new articles are high quality and pass the copyscape
test. Search in google and try: miftolo's tools
Quote
 
 
0 #24 ElvinJuicy 2018-09-07 11:07
Hi. I see that you don't update your website too
often. I know that writing content is boring and time consuming.
But did you know that there is a tool that allows you to create new posts using existing content (from article directories or other websites from your niche)?

And it does it very well. The new articles are unique and pass
the copyscape test. Search in google and try: miftolo's tools
Quote
 

Here is your generous contributions so far towards our $500,000 target, thanks everyone! : $45,020   Please Donate
See the current state of our booked costs here