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		<title>QuantumHeat.org</title>
		<description>Discuss QuantumHeat.org</description>
		<link>http://www.quantumheat.org</link>
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		<item>
			<title>Rhettsousy says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-28081</link>
			<description><![CDATA[lesby https://mazaltovman.ru/]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Rhettsousy</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 04:27:18 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-28081</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>skachat-geometry-das says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-27558</link>
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			<dc:creator>skachat-geometry-das</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2025 21:33:29 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-27558</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>ug44zef says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-27063</link>
			<description><![CDATA[А вы сами согласны тем, как работает такси? С каждым днём всё больше шофёров высказываются на дешёвые расценки, а поездки — на качество сервиса. Почему так происходит? Не время ли что-то исправлять? https://sb-stone.ru/stati/interesnye-fakty-o-rabote-sluzhby-taksi/ Мы, как профессионалы, считаем, что удобство и надёжность должны быть главным. Что скажете? Каким должно быть современное такси в 2025 году? Пишите своё мнение — интересно услышать всех!]]></description>
			<dc:creator>ug44zef</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 26 Apr 2025 10:31:39 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-27063</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>ug44zef says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-26779</link>
			<description><![CDATA[А ты согласны обслуживанием такси? Каждый день всё больше водителей высказываются на дешёвые расценки, а клиенты — на качество сервиса. Почему так происходит? Не пора ли что-то менять? https://51metr.ru/taksi-sochi-kak-vybrat/ Мы, как опытная служба, считаем, что уют и надёжность должны быть главным. Что считаете? Каким должно быть современное такси в 2025 году? Расскажите, что думаете — ваше мнение ценно!]]></description>
			<dc:creator>ug44zef</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 25 Apr 2025 05:44:19 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-26779</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Danielgop says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-26648</link>
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			<dc:creator>Danielgop</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 24 Apr 2025 10:17:55 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-26648</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>SamuelTucky says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-26127</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Кракен сайт маркет: Подпольный рынок без географий | кракен ссылка зеркало купить наркотики в телеграмм боте - https://aktau-forum.com/showthread.php?p=0001 В мире технологий крайне важно понимать риски и возможности. KRAKEN рабочий сайт предоставляет вам все необходимые инструменты для анализа. Откройте для себя эти аспекты накракен рабочем сайте. В мире даркнета существует множество скрытых площадок для торговли, и KRAKEN торговая платформа является одной из самых популярных. Этот онлайн-рынок предлагает широкий выбор товаров и услуг, но важно помнить о безопасности. Использование анонимных инструментов, таких как Тор-браузер, и внимательность при выборе продавца помогут избежать мошенничества. Узнайте, как безопасно совершать покупки на KRAKEN маркет. кракен зеркало рабочее на сегодня - https://kken.cc/ КРАКЕН площадка Telegram]]></description>
			<dc:creator>SamuelTucky</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 23 Apr 2025 01:25:37 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-26127</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>SamuelTucky says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-25524</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Кракен зеркало сайта: Легкий и быстрый доступ | кракен маркетплейс ссылка кракен вход магазин - https://krakenvhod.at/ Для того чтобы безопасно приобрести эйфоретики, важно выбрать надежного поставщика. KRAKEN даркнет предоставляет уникальные возможности для анонимных сделок. Одним из преимуществ этой платформы является высокая степень безопасности, которую она обеспечивает своим пользователям.К огда вы покупаете эйфоретики через Kraken, вы можете рассчитывать на отсутствие посредников и минимизацию рисков. Это важное преимущество для тех, кто ценит свою конфиденциально сть и хочет избежать утечек данных. Чтобы не разочароваться в покупке, выбирайте такие платформы, как купить наркотики , ко торые гарантируют оригинальность и качество товара, проверенного временем. актуальная ссылка на кракен - https://krakenssylka.at/ Kraken платформа мессенджер Telegram]]></description>
			<dc:creator>SamuelTucky</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 21 Apr 2025 23:19:58 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-25524</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>ug44zef says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-25367</link>
			<description><![CDATA[А вы согласны тем, как работает такси? Постепенно всё больше шофёров высказываются на низкие тарифы, а пассажиры — на качество сервиса. Почему так происходит? Не время ли что-то менять? https://vektas-centr.ru/2025/04/zakaz-taksi-i-transfera-vash-udobnyj-put-k-komfortu-i-bezopasnosti/ Мы, как профессионалы, считаем, что комфорт и безопасность должны быть основой. Что считаете? Каким должно быть современное такси в 2025 году? Делитесь мнением — важно мнение каждого!]]></description>
			<dc:creator>ug44zef</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 21 Apr 2025 19:22:53 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-25367</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Danielgop says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-24748</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Если вы ищете идеальную площадку для приобретения любых позиций, то MEGA - ваш лучший выбор. Это самая крупная и надежная площадка в России и СНГ, которая всегда доступна по адресу https://xn--m13-psa.com. На MEGA вы сможете найти все, что вам нужно, независимо от ваших предпочтений и запросов. Здесь представлен огромный ассортимент товаров, готовых удовлетворить самые разнообразные потребности. https://megaweb777.com]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Danielgop</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 19 Apr 2025 22:32:09 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-24748</guid>
		</item>
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			<title>Yetta says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-22881</link>
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			<dc:creator>Yetta</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 15 Apr 2025 22:02:14 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-22881</guid>
		</item>
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			<title>Cassandra says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-19969</link>
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			<dc:creator>Cassandra</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 22 Jul 2024 23:22:18 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-19969</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Garfield says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-17931</link>
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			<dc:creator>Garfield</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 02 Dec 2023 11:37:56 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-17931</guid>
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			<title>Fernando says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-12980</link>
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			<dc:creator>Fernando</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 24 Jan 2022 11:15:10 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-12980</guid>
		</item>
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			<title>Evan says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-12583</link>
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			<dc:creator>Evan</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 31 Dec 2021 09:26:39 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-12583</guid>
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			<title>meow london escorts says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-12378</link>
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			<dc:creator>meow london escorts</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 14 Dec 2021 21:08:30 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-12378</guid>
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			<title>waterco filter says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11981</link>
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			<dc:creator>waterco filter</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 02 Nov 2021 23:36:36 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11981</guid>
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			<title>tint shop says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11932</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Hello! Would you mind if I share your blog with my facebook group? There's a lot of people that I think would really appreciate your content. Please let me know. Cheers]]></description>
			<dc:creator>tint shop</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 27 Oct 2021 05:39:54 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11932</guid>
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			<title>Kendra says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11768</link>
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			<dc:creator>Kendra</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 10 Oct 2021 04:50:27 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11768</guid>
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			<title>Deb says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11762</link>
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			<dc:creator>Deb</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 10 Oct 2021 00:56:52 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11762</guid>
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			<title>Aurora says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11752</link>
			<description><![CDATA[With a full-time remote job you may have oone main icome source.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Aurora</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 09 Oct 2021 14:38:48 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11752</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>카지노사이트 says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11554</link>
			<description><![CDATA[My partner and I absolutely love your blog and find most of your post's to be just what I'm looking for. can you offer guest writers to write content for you? I wouldn't mind composing a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write related to here. Again, awesome site!]]></description>
			<dc:creator>카지노사이트</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Sep 2021 03:23:30 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11554</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>바카라사이트 says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11543</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Amazing blog! Do you have any tips and hints for aspiring writers? I'm hoping to start my own site soon but I'm a little lost on everything. Would you recommend starting with a free platform like Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many options out there that I'm completely confused .. Any recommendations ? Thanks a lot!]]></description>
			<dc:creator>바카라사이트</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 21 Sep 2021 01:08:02 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11543</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>바카라 says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11517</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Hey! This is kind of off topic but I need some guidance from an established blog. Is it tough to set up your own blog? I'm not very techincal but I can figure things out pretty quick. I'm thinking about making my own but I'm not sure where to start. Do you have any points or suggestions? Thanks]]></description>
			<dc:creator>바카라</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 17 Sep 2021 11:11:42 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-11517</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>구글 드라이브 야동 says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-10288</link>
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			<dc:creator>구글 드라이브 야동</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2020 02:34:49 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-10288</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>트위터 야동 says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-10260</link>
			<description><![CDATA[보지 않았거 야동사이트 나 들의 성의 테이프를 파멜라 앤더슨,패리스 힐튼,Kim Kardas]]></description>
			<dc:creator>트위터 야동</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2020 22:40:55 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-10260</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7324</link>
			<description><![CDATA[The first GS5.2 test is now under way. The cell is loaded with pre-baked Hunter AH50 Ni powder but no LAH. The system was evacuated to 40 um and Hydrogen added to 15.2 psia. After some settling time, I'll heat the cell to ~180 C and let it sit for an extended period. Hydrogen loading into Nickel is a slow process, so not much will be happening except (hopefully) a gradual drop in the Hydrogen pressure. The live data and video stream (with chat sidebar) is available at: http://magicsound.us/MFMP/video Here's an image of the cell components before assembly: http://magicsound.us/MFMP/GS5.2_parts.jpg]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 17 Jan 2016 20:41:39 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7324</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7320</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@David Kidwell, None of the 5 Glowstick experiments so far have produced convincing results, with the maximum excess heat observed being less than the cumulative accuracy of calorimetry. They should therefore be considered null tests, but have served well for ongoing development and debugging of the apparatus. The next iteration (GS5.2) is under construction, and we hope to begin calibrations next week. The focus for this test will be the hydrogen loading behavior of various Nickel powders, leading up to a longer-duration experiment with fuel prepared according to the Rossi patent.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jan 2016 23:56:33 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7320</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>david Kidwell says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7319</link>
			<description><![CDATA[I have lost track. Have any of your glow sticks shown promising results? We also considered that Rossi was stimulating his powders with RF based on the number of wires going into the system. A simple oscilloscope would have caught this but Rossi apparently prohibited their use. As to the frequency, we tried a number of things along those lines with numerous Ni systems on various supports and saw nothing. This was before LiAlH4 came into vogue, so we may have had the wrong materials.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>david Kidwell</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jan 2016 21:30:47 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7319</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>jeff morriss says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7318</link>
			<description><![CDATA[ In general, the answer is no. Inductive heating operates by means of a high Q L/C circuit, and high Q circuits typically have very narrow bandwidths which yield sinusoidal waveforms.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>jeff morriss</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jan 2016 09:05:27 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7318</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>jeff morriss says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7316</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Regarding your last comments: I plan to utilize IR thermometry to monitor the cell surface temperature. A TC can yield accurate readings if the inductive heater is turned off for a few seconds while making TC readings. Since the fuel will be contained in an SS capsule, most heating thereof will due to heating of the SS. I'll need to compute the skin depth of SS to get an exact figure here. I also experimented previously with a PWM supply but found no difference in terms of excess heat (ie, none) compared to DC heating. However, the B-field strength for PWM is no where near as strong as for inductive heating, where hundreds of amps can flow through the work coil.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>jeff morriss</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jan 2016 00:29:37 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7316</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Alan Smith says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7314</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Jeff. A further thought - can you (within reason) make your IH system variable frequency or mixed frequency? Dirty/noisy chopped heater current seems to work best, hence my suggestion.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Alan Smith</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jan 2016 10:03:32 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7314</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Alan Smith says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7313</link>
			<description><![CDATA[ Hi Jeff. Induction heating seems to be a very workable idea. I did see some Russian video (sadly forget where) using IH to stimulate LENR in Titanium. About a year ago I think. As far as comments about the need for a magnetic field goes, they are 'spot on'. Even Rossi has touched on this. But the need is for a stimulus to kick the dog into life. Laser light, magnetic fields are just a couple of the candidates. I hope you get a chance to try your idea, you are a vary capable experimenter and the ideal person to check it out.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Alan Smith</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jan 2016 10:00:10 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7313</guid>
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			<title>jeff morriss says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7312</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Has anyone considered using inductive heating to control the cell temperature? It's main advantage is that it is non-contact and is not subject to burnout. Additionally, the maximum temperature is limited by the cell, not the heater wire materials. Some people have made comments that LENR requires an alternating magnetic field. This is precisely how inductive heating works, and the B-field will penetrate throughout the call walls and the fuel. I put together a 2-transistor self-resonant design that simulates correctly So building and testing such a heater should not be that difficult.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>jeff morriss</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jan 2016 09:05:20 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7312</guid>
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			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7310</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Eric Not such a silly idea - and one that is being considered.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 07 Jan 2016 02:29:02 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7310</guid>
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			<title>Alan Smith says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7304</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@EccoEcco. No -no electrolyte is used. Hard to think of one that would be suitable - and not compromise the Nickel. The low conductivity means you need 30V at least and small electrode area (to raise the current density). Close-space the electrodes at the start -the current will be only a few hundred mA at the start. but as the Ni disintegrates into the hydride the conductivity of the DW rises. Then you can move the electrodes apart to keep the current down. I learnt the method making colloidal gold and colloidal silver in the lab many years ago.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Alan Smith</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 02 Jan 2016 14:51:55 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7304</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7303</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Alan Smith: I know very little about electrochemistr y, and if I were to perform such an experiment myself I would probably go through the aqueous metal salt solution loading and subsequent annealing in H2 atmosphere, inspired by past experiments with zeolites by N. Reiter: https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxvaGlvdG9pb3xneDpjZGMzM2Vj%20NGQwY2ExZDc. Just a question, though: how quickly does the reaction you observed take place in distilled water? In absence of an electrolyte its electrical conductivity should be very low. I previously assumed you used one but after reading again the comments, perhaps you actually didn't?]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 02 Jan 2016 13:12:33 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7303</guid>
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			<title>Alan Smith says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7302</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@EccoEcco/Bob Greenyer. You guys encouraged me to research exactly what my weak gel of Nickel in water is. This seems to be the likely candidate - and maybe a way to make nano-nickel for ourselves? . Ni2+ in aqueous solution exists as the octahedral complex ion hexaaquanickel (II), [Ni(H2O)6]2+. @Alan Smith: very useful suggestion (for different experiments than currently discussed). If 13X zeolites are capable of adsorbing that, it means that colloidal particle size is small enough for potentially hosting LENR.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Alan Smith</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 02 Jan 2016 09:25:22 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7302</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7301</link>
			<description><![CDATA[More ideas for experiments at much lower temperatures: did you know that before using thin film deposition processes Piantelli treated his nickel (or even steel or other alloys) bars with acid etching and/or galvanizing process? I also suspect (although I'm not 100% sure) that heat cycling the samples in a deep static vacuum has some effect on the treated surfaces in addition of helping removing oxides. They've never really been "plain" metal bars like most people assumed. Large Excess Heat Production in Ni-H Systems: http://newenergytimes.com/v2/library/1998/1998FocardiS-LargeExcessHeatProductionNiH.pdf (1998) (also mentioned in a 1996 paper: http://newenergytimes.com/v2/library/1996/1996Piantelli-EvidenceForNuclear.pdf) WO1995020816 - ENERGY GENERATION AND GENERATOR BY MEANS OF ANHARMONIC STIMULATED FUSION: https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO1995020816&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription (lapsed 1995 patent) ]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2016 09:46:51 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7301</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7300</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Alan Smith: I also brought up something along those lines in earlier comments. It would make sense if one saw these tubes as heat pipes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pipe, with lithium metal as the working fluid. It would also be consistent with the combination of very high internal temperature and low pressure routinely reached by Parkhomov and others, which most replicators missed. Since at the temperatures involved it's quite unlikely that any nano-structure/ particle would last for a significant amount of time, the reaction might be occurring within nickel clusters precipitating from the evaporating lithium in the free core space, like you're writing. On the other hand, given documented evidence from the metallurgical field involving Li-Al alloys, it's also possible that somewhere below the freezing temperature of the molten metals inside these cells metastable nanostructures suitable for LENR could arise. This hasn't been explored yet.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2015 10:56:36 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7300</guid>
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			<title>Alan Smith says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7299</link>
			<description><![CDATA[The liquid phase gives rise to the vapour phase, depending on temperature of course. I am beginning to wonder if metal/hydrogen vapour/plasma in the free space within the fuel core - and not the bulk liquid alloy - could be the locus of LENR in the more energetic (and thus hotter) Rossi devices. Fulvio Fabiani came up with the rather mystical phrase 'creatures of light' in a recent interview, and an eye-witness has described to me seeing rapidly moving and highly luminiferous 'hot-spots' within a Rossi reactor. I apologise if this speculation is not felt to be helpful to the present discussion about the liquid phase alloys, but surely nowhere within the reactor can there be a more intimate association of the fuel ingredients as vapour/gas. than in the free spaces closest to the fuel itself? For this reason I propose that we are looking at a surface phenomenon and not a bulk reaction. After all, minute amounts of matter can yield large amounts of energy.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Alan Smith</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2015 10:10:15 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7299</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7298</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG, Robert Greenyer: as a potential datapoint, I found this patent describing the usage in practice of a ternary alloy comprising Al-Li-(Ni/Co/Fe ) for a more efficient negative electrode for a secondary electrochemical cell (ie: a rechargeable battery): https://www.google.com/patents/US4324846 The preferred nickel-aluminiu m intermetallic is NiAl3, and Li is added in the 5-40 atom % (depending on composition), which could mean it's closer to 5% when it's closer to NiAl3 and 40% when it is to LiAl (50 atom % Li). Ni/Co/Fe alone are not reported in the literature to be soluble to any practical amount in lithium at room temperature, which is likely the reason why there is no information on ternary Li-Al systems involving them. I'm wondering if Cu, which is somewhat soluble in Li (see here: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02881552. click "look inside"), might give an idea of what to expect from an Al-Ni-Li ternary alloy: Al-Cu-Li (Aluminum-Coppe r-Lithium): http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11669-010-9682-z (again, "look inside", second page) A Li-Ni binary phase diagram: http://i.imgur.com/xO5qJl3.png I found (modeled, apparently): @Alan Smith: very useful suggestion (for different experiments than currently discussed). If 13X zeolites are capable of adsorbing that, it means that colloidal particle size is small enough for potentially hosting LENR. @Robert Greenyer: speaking of even different methods for obtaining nanoclusters of suitable size. I recalled that in a Piantelli patent challenge by Rossi: http://www.e-catworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Patentchallenge.pdf from quite some time ago this was mentioned on page 9: If Rossi knows what Piantelli purchased, it means he too probably used similar equipment at some point. In the past I've seen Knudsen cells: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knudsen_Cell being mentioned in discussions from other forums; they are related with thin film deposition processes. This is the website of the above mentioned Kolzer spa company: http://kolzer.com/ Also see: http://i.imgur.com/zHGJidv.gif (source: http://www.lps.umd.edu/MBEGroup/MBEWhatIs.htm) Compare with: http://www.nichenergy.com/img/lab/4.jpg Is it the same equipment? EDIT: removed speculative paragraph]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2015 08:04:53 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7298</guid>
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			<title>Alan Smith says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7295</link>
			<description><![CDATA[I have been able to make colloidal suspensions of pure Ni in distilled water by electrolytic decomposition of Nickel electrodes.. I suspect that the Ni formed is in the form of a complex hydrate - a pale green weak gel. This can be adsorbed onto various substrates- Alumina foam beads, Zeolite etc, and after baking to remove moisture is strikingly similar in appearance to commercial Ni-coated catalyst cubes.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Alan Smith</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2015 00:53:21 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7295</guid>
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		<item>
			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7293</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco re #197 The real question in the GS is what happens to the Ni. We know from evidence that it is dissolved or otherwise eroded, but the literature found so far has no information on Ni-Al-Li ternary systems. BobG has hypothesized that nano-scale condensates or clusters of Ni may form in a similar fashion and I proposed that to EAG as the subject of investigation. They have some tools for elemental analysis of nano-scale features, but the resolution limit is around 50 nm. We'll see what they can offer to explore this.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 2015 19:32:19 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7293</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7292</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG #196: also see this one with an Al-Li-Cu alloy: http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1412/1412.3727.pdf. There are TEM images on pages 19-21. More also here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248180485_Formation_mechanisms_of_precipitates_in_an_Al-Cu-Li-Zr_alloy_and_their_effects_on_strength_and_electrical_resistance_of_the_alloy and here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241105688_Effects_of_Multiple_Strengthening_Treatments_on_Mechanical_Properties_and_Stability_of_Nanoscale_Precipitated_Phases_in_an_Aluminum-Copper-Lithium_Alloy too from the same author. This other paper: http://www.amse.org.cn/article/2015/1006-7191-28-6-671.html shows interesting images too. It must be noted that aluminium is the main constituent in these commercially alloys, with Li and other metals being little more than impurities, which makes them quite different from Rossi's fuel. However, I thought it might not be too implausible that similar phenomenons might locally occur during temperature transients with the Rossi composition, even if it might require specific heating/cooling patterns or even specific temperature/pre ssure ranges. This being said, forcing Ni/NiAl out of the Li solution by quick quenching at high temperature Li evaporation and low pressure like Parkhomov perhaps inadvertently did still seems the potentially simplest option although a little unsafe and harsh on the materials used. That is, if this supersaturated solution hypothesis is true. The Rossi patent is so generic that it could be valid for completely different systems. @AlanG #197: thing is metal morphology can greatly vary with temperature and heating/cooling rate, annealing time, gas exposure. What you would be seeing on a cooled down sample might not necessarily be what was at operating temperatures. I think it would be difficult to draw conclusions from a sample which has not been treated in a very repeatable manner.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 2015 18:56:09 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7292</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7290</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco Thanks for your excellent research on the metallurgy of Al-Li alloys. The micrographs on pg. 13 of the second reference document are particularly interesting. Figure 1.5(A) shows the precipitation of ~10 nm Li particles in Al3, Li.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 2015 17:45:32 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7290</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7289</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Robert Greenyer: I now have more reasons to believe that using LiAlH4 in addition to Li might be beneficial or perhaps even needed as you suggested, but not directly because of its decomposition steps. I've been studying a bit the properties of ternary alloys with Lithium-Alumini um. It looks like "precipitates" in the order of several nanometers in size can form depending on heat treatment, composition etc. These are often desirable and can make alloys stronger. Perhaps these nano-scale inclusions could indeed be favorable to LENR and might occur more easily in ternary alloys under certain conditions than using Ni-Li only. The Nanoscale Secret to Stronger Alloys: http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2011/08/07/core-shell-nano/ I would expect that a number of different intermetallic Al-Ni phases would form in the reaction environment using the "Fluid Heater" fuel composition, although the initial composition percentage is such that it would probably be for the most part NiAl, which is probably not able to take much more than a few% of Li at room temperature (possibly explaining how LiH can decompose at 1000°C in these cells). These nanoscale precipitates have been studied in the solid phase but they might also continuously occur in highly dynamic liquid/gas environments as previously speculated, eg: possibly in experiments by Parkhomov and others. Perhaps attempting to repeatedly heating the entire "fuel" to melting temperature, then cooling it down to freezing temperature (less than 500°C internal) might also be able to form stable nano-scale precipitates suitable for hosting LENR at more manageable temperatures. Also see: Microstructure and Precipitate Characteristics of Aluminum-Lithiu m Alloys: https://books.google.com/books?id=OG7PzP5xiHwC&pg=PA99 Aluminium-Lithi um Alloys: Physical Metallurgy: https://books.google.com/books?id=Lskj5k3PSIcC&pg=PA122 Control of Nano-Precipitat es in Age-Hardenable Aluminum Alloys and Their Mechanical Properties: http://www.scientific.net/MSF.475-479.337 (paper; I haven't read it but the abstract sounds interesting)]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 2015 12:38:46 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7289</guid>
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		<item>
			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7280</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco We have discussed the possibility for fractionation before... it needs to be investigated - but not sure the answers would be conclusive. We did not see any fractionation at all. Tests with 62Ni salting to see if it has any effect might be a faster way to rule it out.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2015 20:43:04 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7280</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7278</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG #189: Brian Ahern published testing results with nanopowders in a 2012 report made for the EPRI. Practical and safety problems with nanopowders were also highlighted: Program on Technology Innovation: Assessment of Novel Energy Production Mechanisms in a Nanoscale Metal Lattice: http://newenergytimes.com/v2/library/2012/2012EPRI-1025575-Ahern.pdf 10nm Ni/NiO nanopowder from Quantum Sphere Corp was found to be the most promising, but also the most challenging to work with. Zeolite beads have usually pores in the 0.3-1.3 nm range. Silica gel beads have larger pores but common Ni nanopowder would still not be able to penetrate them. That's where the metal salt solution came into play in the example described in my previous comment. Baking a sparse dispersion of generic commercially available Ni nanopowder on small ceramic powder grains would be an easy alternative, but not cheap and not guaranteed to yield results as there seems to be a very strong relationship between excess heat and particle/struct ure size. It does seem there is a critical size threshold above which little to nothing happens. Dissolving nickel nanopowder in a supersaturated lithium solution would be a completely different experiment than described. * * * @AlanG #188: interesting graph. However, I doubt the pressure reduction is the result of absorption in other metals at the temperatures involved. * * * @Robert Greenyer, AlanG: since lithium metal and Ni foams are cheap(er) to come by, perhaps a quicker way instead of using nanopowder could be trying to dissolve Ni foam into a larger amount of lithium. Problems related with the high surface tension and the very low specific weight of lithium, as others also found out some time ago, might be prevented with the large pore size of the foam. With a strong enough temperature gradient and a clever enough arrangement of the foam in the container, lithium might even end up flowing through the foam not unlike what happens in a heat pipe: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pipe. Flowing lithium will corrode nickel away quicker. Also: potentially higher surface area for Ni particles in the Lithium solution to deposit on, although I don't expect both the precipitated Ni particles (on the very short term) and the foam (on the long term) to last very long. EDIT: I'm definitely not a heat transfer expert, but since evaporation is an endothermic process, wouldn't it be advantageous to decrease reactor pressure as to lower the boiling temperature of lithium? Perhaps excess heat in Parkhomov replications starts ramping up seriously when the reactor tube internally reaches or exceeds that temperature. When lithium evaporation occurs in local spots in the reaction environment, energy is quickly absorbed and nickel might be able to also quickly precipitate from the Li-Ni solution. This would be even more similar to how a heat pipe works. At least, that's how I'm envisioning it in my head. Sodium is sometimes used in heat pipes too.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2015 06:10:18 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7278</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7277</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Alan Ryan worked with the Nanosphere. With a Rossi mix - adding the Nanosphere as part of the Nickel and if you could get it to mix with the extra lithium - that could enable fast saturation of the Li. A slurry of some type with a long pipette to place it in centre of tube may be an seed of an approach. You may even be able to 'mix' in the pipette]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 28 Dec 2015 23:50:53 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7277</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7276</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Regarding the Ni nano discussion, I have 1 g of nanosphere Ni and a large supply of Ni foam that may be useful. The nanosphere material would need to be evenly applied to alumina, silica or zeolite beads. Maybe a solvent suspension applied under Ar cover, then remove the solvent with vacuum. Didn't BobH already do this? I recall that Brian Ahern got some and ran an experiment, but the results were never published.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 28 Dec 2015 21:51:14 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7276</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7275</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Here's an analysis of the GS5 Pressure vs. Core Temperature, showing the correction by Ideal Gas Law of temperature on pressure for fixed volume. A linear constant a is required because the volume of gas is not uniformly heated. As you can see, a correction factor of 0.1 gives a very close match between temperature and pressure. http://magicsound.us/MFMP/GS5_Pressure_vs_Core_Temp.jpg The lower trace shows the deviation of measured pressure from the expected linear relationship with temp. The region between 900 and 1150 °C (12:00 AM to 5:00 AM) may show the hydrogen release from LiH and subsequent absorption by other metals. The complete spreasheet is at http://magicsound.us/MFMP/GS5_30s_15hr.xlsx]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 28 Dec 2015 21:12:43 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7275</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7273</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Eric In the recent comment by Cook - he says "e.g., 57Fe, 61Ni and 183W, that are contained in the E-Cat “fuel”" this implies that tungsten is in the E-Cat fuel for another reason - due to Tungsten having the highest 'active' isotope ratio cited by Cooks postulation - we have bought some and so far Mathieu and me356 will be able to run experiments with it in the fuel. I will see other experimenters have some. 1g of natural Tungsten would produce about 2 alpha particles a year (under normal circumstances).]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 27 Dec 2015 21:36:16 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7273</guid>
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		<item>
			<title>Eric Walker says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7272</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Bob, I'd start with alpha emitters with reasonable activity. I have no favorites; I note, however, that some alpha emitters have very long half-lives, which is probably less than ideal. Whatever emitter has the highest activity that can be legally obtained, as I assume it might be difficult. Perhaps samarium, hafnium or tungsten. For proof-of-concep t testing, it might be sufficient if the emitting radioisotope is only present in trace amounts (e.g., 190Pt in platinum). In the 1920s, Wendt and Irion thought they saw helium when they exploded tungsten wires using a large capacitor; this is consistent with induced alpha decay. I assume a lot of energy was needed to see this. They later retracted, but that might have been under pressure. This paper goes into further detail on the general hypothesis: http://vixra.org/abs/1512.0278.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Eric Walker</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 27 Dec 2015 21:24:47 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7272</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7271</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Eric Thankyou for your contribution - do you have a favourite?]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 27 Dec 2015 20:13:03 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7271</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Eric Walker says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7270</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Re the fuel -- it's possible that your analysis of the appendix to the Lugano report identified part of the fuel, but an important element was missing. See my writeup: http://vixra.org/abs/1512.0266]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Eric Walker</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 27 Dec 2015 18:18:06 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7270</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7268</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco There will always be some dynamic equilibrium of LiH Li + H2 across a range of higher temperatures but IMPO the lower temperature reversible reaction allows for the bulk absorption and then release which is desirable to get H- into the Nickel. We have discussed at length the melting points of LiAl and LiH and how this may bring reactants into play in Parkhomov formula - but with more lithium as per Rossi's fuel mix - the melting point of the collective drops to below 200ºC - but in reality does not need to go much below 250ºC The surface catalytic effect of Al increases greatly with temperature - so this may be important also at higher temperatures in addition to the solubility of Ni. Al may be also oxidised or nitrided in-situ forming a suspension of ceramic nano particles in the molten Li complex onto which nickel nano particles then precipitate out on after super saturation is exceeded through temperature or ion paths previously discussed. With a larger dead volume, if this process is actually occurring, it may be one way Parkhomov's experiment might have worked. I am with Bob Higgins - it would be good to get this working at the lower temperatures - since the Rossi patent we have is for the E-Cat, not the Hot Cat - it is not a bad idea. The GS5 taught us about early on-set dehydrogenation . Lower temperatures give us options for simpler reactors.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 27 Dec 2015 14:21:13 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7268</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7267</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Robert Greenyer: the reversible reaction "R3" in the LiAlH4 thermal decomposition process is reported to occur in the 350-500 °C range (depending on LAH quality, reaction conditions, etc). Yet there appear to be several jumps in apparent excess heat production at ~700°C, ~1000°C and above that in a progressively increasing fashion. The former is incidentally the melting temperature of LiAl and LiH, the latter that of complete decomposition of LiH to Li+H. The way I see them, GS5 results seem to be more related with jumps of Ni solubility in the attacking metal rather than the reversible reaction of LAH. The higher the solubility, the higher the susceptibility to corrosion. I can't completely rule out that Al might be still needed for some reason, but I am unable to see how LAH reaction steps would be involved at the temperatures where excess heat appears to be arising.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 27 Dec 2015 11:52:04 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7267</guid>
		</item>
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			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7266</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco I am pretty sure that you need the Al in there - it is key to the controllable and reversible reaction that allows a transition state where there are free H- Al can also be catalytic on the surface of larger metals also as we previously discussed. Having the extra lithium is enough - there is no doubt of its corrosive action given the etching away of nickel based fuel containers.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 27 Dec 2015 10:47:24 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7266</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7265</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Thanks for the increased limit. @Robert Greenyer: in this case why not use just Ni+Li - or keep the LiAlH4 separate from the Ni, if used? It looks like aluminium can inhibit to some extent corrosion of nickel-containi ng alloys in a molten lithium environment. If the point if dissolving Ni at very high temperature to make it precipitate out of the solution as nanoclusters at lower ones, it might turn out to be faster this way. Could this be a further variable which makes it difficult to observe the reaction, as it might also depend on LiAlH4 quality? http://www.google.com/patents/US4398967 http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/5373757-noYLQC/ On the other hand what about Ni corrosion promoters in molten Li? Nitrogen content in Lithium (which might for example come from the starting atmosphere) can increase lithium corrosion on austenitic SS significantly (by leaching away Cr and Ni). I wonder if it does for pure Ni too. http://www.ans.org/pubs/journals/nt/a_16293 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245047896_Role_of_nitrogen_in_the_cover_gas_over_molten_lithium_hydride_on_corrosion_of_type_304L_stainless_steel_containment http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/10/472/10472566.pdf All things considered, there probably are more reliable ways for obtaining stable nanostructures suitable for hosting LENR. High temperature molten metal environments are very harsh for most materials.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 27 Dec 2015 05:47:25 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7265</guid>
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			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7264</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco For you, I have upped the character limit! You have found some supportive comments to my understanding that is based on the material science and chemistry studies that I did many moons ago. This is why I say you need to first super-saturate the Li + Al + H + Ni solution with Ni. Then in addition to the ion H- creation there is also the reversible reaction with Al - which itself interacts with Ni. The triggers to cause "precipitation" or agglomeration as I called it into a suspension of nano particles is the reversible reaction and temperature Nano particles are often made by precipitation by ion or temperature from a super saturated solution. So once saturated, there are several ways to create nano particles in this system - but it needs to be dynamic. For Rossi's reactor to work as long as claimed - it stands to reason that it would have to continuously make nano-particles, and given the so called fuel, it would have to do this in situ. My gut feeling is adding more lithium is mainly for 2 reasons 1. get more H2 sequested to lower reactor pressure 2. longer burn time with 7Li providing main yield But considering the nano suspension, having a sea of lithium also provides a fantastic thermal sink to extract localised events. As you mention - these may stimulate formation of more idealised nickel nano clusters which overtime would result in a higher COP.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 26 Dec 2015 23:33:44 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7264</guid>
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		<item>
			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7261</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Robert Greenyer: without thinking too much at the exact details, if this solution hypothesis is valid, then it might be useful to vary temperatures quickly and repeatedly along a wide range because within it the solubility of Ni in the liquid metal would also vary significantly. At lower temperatures soluted Ni atoms would be forced to precipitate, possibly forming short-lived (I guess, due to temperature) small clusters in the process. If on the other hand the reaction is occurring within this solution, then increasing temperatures as much as possible should also help for exactly the same reason. Also, the higher the temperature, the quicker Ni would be corroded/dissol ved from the bulk of the powder (and the steel container). See: http://i.imgur.com/HavKkvF.png http://i.imgur.com/WRTFR9g.png Unfortunately page 428 isn't available to me. Maybe others can view it from Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=tfDwOe7xWeQC&pg=PA428&lpg=PA428 The graph in the first image in a more readable form for Ni and Cr: http://i.imgur.com/e4yrljI.png Why involve LiAlH4 at all then? Ni+Li alone and externally supplied hydrogen should do the task in this case. Li alone should also be more corrosive to Ni than LiAl. The early prototype photo I previously linked also seemed to use externally supplied hydrogen, assuming it did use Li. Either way, increasing the amount of liquid metal to solid Ni and its exposed surface also help if the reaction goes like this (which I admit I'd be very surprised if it did). Useful reference: https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:9410560 * * * * * @AlanG: I tried correcting pressure for temperature, but not sure of the results. P/T doesn't seem to be constant. http://i.imgur.com/2VcSXW7.png]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 26 Dec 2015 06:34:36 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7261</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7260</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Alan/Ecco With respect to the conundrum of Lithium corrosion and its possible and likely effects on Nickel nano particles. Perhaps many things can be going on in the complex metal solution of Li+Al+H+Ni. The Nickel may go into solution as atoms, but then form clusters as it has a higher melting temperature. Perhaps Nickel nano particle are freeze/thawed off the bulk nickel during the Rossi reversible reaction process, resulting in a suspension of nickel clusters at the nano scale. Perhaps Rossi's pre-treatment of heating rapidly to 200ºC multiple times creates brittle fractures and partially attached fragments that are able to easily be taken off the bulk in to the molten mass that is then desirable for the main reaction. Perhaps when the very strong LiH bond is formed - nickel atoms, if they are in solution at this time, agglomerate into desirable cluster sizes depending on temperature and time dynamics. If any, some or all of the above are valid - then it would not matter if the reactor went to high as slow cooling would result in a non-homogenous Li+Al+H+Ni liquid. As we learned from Brian Ahern - "splat cooling" - cooling at more than 1000ºC per second (melt spinning) was used - to prevent a homogenous molten metal from separating into large grains of different metals. The idea was to keep nano islands of Pd. It does seam likely with the combination of temperature variation and the reversible LiH reaction - some Nickel islands would form.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 26 Dec 2015 00:28:22 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7260</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7257</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Merry Christmas to those who celebrate it. Back to GS5 data. I didn't notice this. Where was hydrogen going? It looks like "Heater" temps were slowly increasing and "Null" slowly decreasing. http://i.imgur.com/W989SmC.png http://i.imgur.com/W989SmC.png And I tried replotting the Active-Null difference relative to calibration: Core temperatures are based on calibration, they might have been higher during the actual run. http://i.imgur.com/lzp1t4S.png http://i.imgur.com/lzp1t4S.png Perhaps it wasn't a so unsuccessful run after all. This throws my previous line of reasoning a bit off the line, though. There's a bump at about 650-700°C core (temperatures according to calibration, could have been actually higher), and there's another at about 1000°C. The former seems to be close to the melting point of Al, LiH or LiAl; the latter that of complete decomposition of LiH. But what about the jump above 1100°C (internal)? Background: I was challenging some of my previous hypotheses and the assumption that when using LiAlH4, LiH and decomposes only above 1000°C I've often read and which myself had. The sources describing LiAlH4 decomposition dynamics seem to agree that (R3) occurs between 370 °C and 585 °C. After all it's LiH reacting with Al, not just decomposing by itself. However, since these replications aren't an ideal environment I guess it's possible that some of the Al won't be available for the LiH. Then I saw this. Perhaps it's several different reactions causing more or less the same thing (through liquid metal embrittlement, or deposition, or metal diffusion). That would be a bit too convenient, though. The iron oxide catalyst might have had a role with these results too (but at the temperatures reached it should have become inactive).]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 25 Dec 2015 13:47:39 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7257</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7256</link>
			<description><![CDATA[(continued. Need to bump the character limit to 5000 characters!) In retrospect (given all unsuccessful attempts so far), I would be inclined to believe that Rossi allowed the Lugano testers to analyze the powder because he knew that others could never guess what happened just by looking at its composition. It might have been a complete red herring or only loosely related with the reaction. As an aside, I've read speculations - not sure how credible - that Parkhomov might have been helped by people connected with Rossi such as the Uzikov family, whose members are nuclear engineers with coincidentally an expertise in nuclear waste treatment by evaporation of liquid solutions. This rings some bells. Irina Uzikova has been in contact with Rossi since 2011. A paper from Irina and Vitaliy Uzikov was recently uploaded on the JONP, by the way. @Robert Greenyer: have you heard anything about this from Parkhomov? Related resources: http://ru.viadeo.com/ru/profile/irina.uzikova http://i.imgur.com/AUUQtby.jpg (photo with Rossi) http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20130727&CC=RU&NR=2488421C1&KC=C1 http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=919]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 25 Dec 2015 07:47:13 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7256</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7255</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG: at this point I would agree it's unlikely that nanofeatures would endure within the metallic Ni-LAH powder. In the case of Parkhomov they reportedly weren't even there in the first place and in his first reactor tubes he found that excess heat started to appear at temperatures greater than 1000°C measured with a thermocouple beneath the cement layer, meaning that temperatures were very close to the melting point of Ni and definitely above that at the 1200°C claimed. I can't see many options: 1) The ceramic tubes were special in the first place (eg: sintered from treated grains); 2) The very high internal temperature maybe with the help of lithium from the LiAlH4 caused the Ni concentration in the ceramic tube to slowly increase by atomic diffusion. At some point it might have reached a concentration able to support LENR. Also see the animation here: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DiffusionMicroMacro.gif 3) (less likely) the very high temperatures involved imply that Ni evaporation will happen to some extent and that some will be redeposited on the tube surfaces in a continuous fashion. At the temperatures involved the Ni would act more like condensation, however. @Robert Greenyer #165: that sounds like a good plan. @Robert Greenyer #167: he's also often written that a foam holding the particles was used in Lugano. Big leap of faith, but one could imagine it as a "proper" foam - alumina/alumino silicate foams do exist in commerce and are often used as catalyst substrates and I guess they would hold very well with heat - or also as one composed by sintered larger ceramic particles, which may still be porous to hydrogen and have less empty spaces. They would have to be preferably treated before sintering. In the end, I think we should be going back to the "cookies with chocolate chips" of Ahern/Arata/Swa rtz, in a way or another.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 25 Dec 2015 07:46:05 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7255</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7254</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Bob The question still remains. In GS4 we saw 0.1g of LiAlH4 dissolve about 0.3 g of Ni foil. That is surely well beyond saturation. So either the Li is catalytic in the reaction or a ~75% Ni alloy is formed at well below the melting point of Ni. In either case, I don't see how nano scale features on the Ni could survive. Perhaps the Ni particles are sufficiently oxidized that they withstand reduction by the H2 and are protected from Li attack by a layer of Ni2O3 (black) or NiO2. Could creation of this layer be part of the pre-treatment?]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 25 Dec 2015 00:56:25 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7254</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7253</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Alan Axil is very keen on pointing out that the Lugano clusters were pre-treated. I suggested earlier that that the Lugano fuel may have been pre-processed to have LiH (and maybe Al) with dissolved Nickel (to saturation) on the surface - this would reduce its corrosive effects. It may be possible to do this in situ by placement and process.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 25 Dec 2015 00:29:51 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7253</guid>
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			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7251</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco I am thinking of something similar to the me356 *GlowStick*/Cel ani/Parkhomov mockup - except using tungsten heater wire running through a fine porous alumina tube that is pre-coated via PVD with Nickel. This would sit in a vacable *GlowStick*.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2015 22:34:47 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7251</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7250</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Robert Greenyer: I think it would. Actually, I was thinking of a typical light bulb arrangement, in which case a separate hot filament as a control/heat source located in the center would be able radiate efficiently heat and light in all directions without the need for increasing surface temperatures to bright incandescence. The response time would thus be rather quick, with a very low inertia, as Fulvio Fabiani seems to be suggesting in Mats Lewan's interview. The flux of hydrogen inside the cell to the inner active surfaces with energy radiating from the core would probably also be more favorable and more easily controllable, although this is mostly my speculation. For evaporating nickel efficiently a rather powerful vacuum and/or directly heating the nickel source (resistive evaporation) would be needed, with the latter being only able to evaporate a small amount of material a time. The Hunt's at HUG had a turbomolecular vacuum pump, that would have been useful. EDIT: and since he's been cited often as of late, Axil recently suggested on LENR-Forum: http://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/index.php/Thread/1982-jeff-E-Cat-Replication-Attempt/?postID=10594#post10594: ]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2015 18:58:52 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7250</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7249</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco Would this be consistent with physical vapour deposition of Nickel on the inside of an alumina tube?]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2015 18:17:09 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7249</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7248</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Just a thought. Putting together many of the previously discussed ideas: - A dielectric surface; - A sparse disposition/dep osition of metallic nanoparticles on said surface; - Heat and possibly photons in the visible spectrum; - Hydrogen gas at a low pressure; This sounds eerily close to an incandescent-ha logen lamp hybrid. EDIT: and reminds me of Irving Langmuir's experiments: http://chavascience.com/index.php/en/hydrogen/langmuir-excess-energy-from-hydrogen EDIT2: Langmuir's experiments were also briefly discussed in section 4 in Celani's ICCF19 paper: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz7lTfqkED9WWjZISEZrYXE3ZE0/view EDIT3: Fabiani says (...) he's got photographs of "creatures that emit pure light". Would those be LENR-lamps? http://animpossibleinvention.com/2015/11/25/rossis-engineer-i-have-seen-things-you-people-wouldnt-believe/ Just like an incandescent lamp...? "Edisonian approach" indeed!]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2015 11:50:27 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7248</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7247</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG: cryogenic shock (slide 2 from the presentation you linked, and see Prelas' patent application here: http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=WO&NR=2014028361A1) is also known be able to create an enormous number of crystal defects in metals, which as far as I understand are what Miley and Hora appear have to focused on the most, while Holmlid kept studying the issue in a more practical way using the potassium/iron oxide catalysts he's been working with for decades. Perhaps cryogenic shock might be one of the processing steps not described in Rossi's Fluid Heater patent to make the nickel powder porous and suitable regardless of overall particle size. I think if one were to repeatedly perform several heating-cooling cycles that way in air, a relatively stable nanometric metal/metal oxide interface could possibly develop. In my opinon if the larger (micrometric, but nano-structured ) particles were purely metallic, they would probably sinter into a non-porous particle with temperature, even if they were sandwiched as a thin layer between the 1mm thick steel plates, as also suggested in Hora's patent. On crystal defects and Holmlid-Hora-Mi ley, see this too: Ultrahigh-densi ty deuterium of Rydberg matter clusters for inertial confinement fusion targets: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228623342_Ultrahigh-densi ty_deuterium_of_Rydberg_matter_clusters_for_inertial_confinement_fusion_targets EDIT: it looks like some completely legitimate URLs get moderated for some reason. I had to post a very short message and edit the content afterwards to make it pass through.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2015 06:11:06 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7247</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7244</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Here's an important paper by Heinrich Hora (the German patent holder) co-written with Miley's group and Mark Prelas (SKINR). It was presented at ICCF17 and talks about Rydberg clusters and several other familiar topics. Axil has probably seen this one... http://newt.phys.unsw.edu.au/STAFF/VISITING_FELLOWS%26PROFESSORS/pdf/LENR%20Korea%20ICCF-17%20Poster.pdf Two of the references cited are by Holmlid.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2015 03:55:34 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7244</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7243</link>
			<description><![CDATA[As for why am I referring to a sparse dispersion of nanoparticles. First of all this was in that german patent I mentioned yesterday, and it's a clever way for preventing them from sintering. The second reason is that if you ask Francesco Celani he would probably refer you to Brian Ahern's interpretation of Fermi-Pasta-Ula m paradox, according to which in structures (preferably in the 3-12 nm range) having a countable number of atoms energy is localized and the second law of thermodynamics can be circumvented. See section 5 in his ICCF19 paper: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz7lTfqkED9WWjZISEZrYXE3ZE0/view and this presentation from Ahern: http://www.slideshare.net/ecatreport/ahern-lenr-theories. How nanostructures can be isolated as to have a countable number of atoms, that's debatable. Out of thin air, I'd speculate this might occur if they were electrically insulated from each other, i.e. surrounded with a dielectric. Thinking about it, this is quite a common scenario in many heterogeneous catalysts, which incidentally are very often good LENR materials. The previous two requirements are quite unlikely to happen within bulk Ni micropowder at 1000°C (external) and above as in Parkhomov experiments due to sintering, which is why I've been focusing on the ceramic tubes as of late. If they had some sort of sparsely dispersed nanometric metallic "impurity" as previously described, perhaps included during the manufacturing process (ceramic parts are often sintered from microparticles) , then it might as well be that they are the real culprit for the excess heat he and another group observed, and that the initially included powder mixture, except for hydrogen from the LiAlH4, was actually for the most part inert. EDIT: on nanoparticles in dielectrics: MFMP experiments in 2014 with Ni/NiO and PdNi/ZrO2 were very interesting: https://www.evernote.com/pub/marpooties/powdercalorimeter]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2015 12:03:14 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7243</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7242</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Robert Greenyer: I've often read Axil suggesting that a particle dispersion in a metallic foam was used by DGT and that replicators should do that too. I never quite understood how that could have really worked. Earlier today, I finally realized that one doesn't really have to use a "proper" foam. Meshes of more or less finely sintered particles are often employed for various applications (filters, etc.) instead of them. They almost look like "negative" foams: http://i.imgur.com/4dQVq7m.png Referring to the german patent I previously dug up, Axil on Jeff's thread on LENR-Forum suggested this: http://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/index.php/Thread/1982-jeff-E-Cat-Replication-Attempt/?postID=10586#post10586: Which is a damn good idea! This made me think that one could use a sparse dispersion of nanoparticles (for example: Ni) in the LENR-reactive range (3-15 nm) within a sintered matrix of micro particles of a different material having a significantly higher melting point (a metal like Tungsten, or an inert oxide like alumina). This matrix could be sintered in-situ, or pre-sintered to any wanted form, like for example a tube. The sparsely placed nanoparticles within this sintered micromesh would be locked in place and not sinter themselves. A sintered ceramic tube containing such dispersion of nanoparticles could have been used in the Lugano experiment. Also: if a current was passed through such tube at high temperature, electric triggering/acti vation would be possible, as I have suggested many times.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2015 08:45:29 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7242</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7241</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Robert Greenyer: the other photo was from minute 6:05: https://youtu.be/LHXc7NNMiWo?t=365 in that video. It looks like input power control was manual and used a variac. It probably was a very early device. The inlet-outlet configuration as you noted on Facebook might have been for providing a hydrogen flux through the active sites instead of Li+LiAlH4. According to Cures (it's not easy to link old comments in that forum, but it was dated 2013-10-12 13:29) it didn't use pulsating pumps, but only a H2 tank and valves, which makes me think (as I've also read a number of times from others) that the former were used in the past by Rossi for obtaining an impulsive triggering action. Here's that comment (without context) in a raw, untranslated form: ]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2015 05:56:54 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7241</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7240</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco Thanks for sharing those images. Not noticed that before.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2015 01:45:51 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7240</guid>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7239</link>
			<description><![CDATA[(continued) An early version of the E-Cat model described in "Fluid Heater", probably composed of multiple stacked modules ("wafers"), was briefly filmed in a 2012 E-Cat documentary by swedish television SVT. Here is a screenshot from the video on Youtube, minute 8:10: https://youtu.be/LHXc7NNMiWo?t=490. http://i.imgur.com/AXTo52V.jpg Here's another one, source unknown (likely from the same video, but I don't know where exactly): http://i.imgur.com/DH3CBwj.jpg I remember "Cures" writing about it on the Cobraf forum a few years ago. It used externally supplied hydrogen (which implies that LiAlH4 is probably not needed) and was reportedly quite dangerous due to hydrogen pressure buildup. Apparently the clamps were for safety purposes.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2015 15:25:07 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7239</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7237</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG: haven't Brian Albiston and Jeff Morriss already attempted using the same fuel proportions as per Rossi's patent without success? There has to be more to it. Have you thought that the fuel mixture in Rossi's Fluid Heater patent is quite likely used in the form of very thin layers of a very large area and therefore that the device described might operate differently than assumed (ie differently than Parkhomov's cell, which in turn probably also operates differently than commonly assumed)? http://i.imgur.com/hyzmaN7.png Larger: http://i.imgur.com/hyzmaN7.png EDIT: while digging out again old information I found this german patent probably very related with Rossi's "Fluid Heater": DE102012015801 A1 - Method for arranging charged deuterium on surface of metal carrier involves performing power making process or nuclear reactions caused by generation of particles, such that sintering of metal carrier is prevented: http://www.google.com/patents/DE102012015801A1?cl=en http://i.imgur.com/rUj2GlA.png The translation from german is not easy to read but as far as I understand sintering of the active nanoparticles is prevented by having them in the form of sparse layers sandwiched (and held in place) between two support plates, one of which has conduits for allowing hydrogen to more freely flow inbetween. From this one can infer that the "fuel layers" in Rossi's Fluid Heater patent, whose thickness has not been specified, are also likely extremely thin for the same reason. The "fuel" (ie the the Ni/Li/LiAlH4 powder) is probably a very thin layer sparsely applied on the surface of the steel layers. (BTW: the patent applicant Heinrich Hora also worked in the past with Leif Holmlid and George Miley on ultra-dense deuterium research, see this: http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MileyGHclusterswi.pdf)]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2015 11:01:41 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7237</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7236</link>
			<description><![CDATA[The next GS5 run will use the Rossi patent fuel mixture and a revised capsule system, with easy removal as the goal. That way the cell can be refueled without disassembling it. To answer your questions: * I have a 150 psia pressure sensor, tested and ready to install. * I have about 600 grams of catalyst left, should be more than enough. * I can pump the cell down to 100 microns or less while it's in operation. * I have an almost-full welding bottle of H2 and can add it to any pressure desired. I don't have colloidal graphite but its use isn't described in the Rossi patent. That would be best left to later experiments (after GS5.2). I also have 1 g of LiAlD4 for use in Holmlid-inspire d testing. A very small quantity added to the usual LAH would raise the deuterium percentage in the fuel significantly.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 21 Dec 2015 21:41:27 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7236</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7235</link>
			<description><![CDATA[I don't want to flood the place with comments but I find myself continuously running into the 2000 character limit. Could it be increased to, like, 5000 characters? Anyway, I've started a document on the proposed Holmlid experiment replication using the GS5 cell, containing general information on the matter. Perhaps it might turn out useful for JustaGuy and AlanG, but I'm also using it as a personal reference. Holmlid experiment Google Document: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KAOLy-MZ-kenJJpbpGMBVZITZiWlkWBi40sAIHMbA1M/edit?usp=sharing EDIT: while I was hunting for old information I realized that the low pressure conditions required for achieving epicatalysis seem to be related with those also required for anomalous effects to show in experiments by Holmlid and others. The experiments demonstrating the effect, involving the dissociation and recombination of hydrogen from hot surfaces and at lower temperatures from heterogeneous catalysts, also remind in principle Holmlid’s quite a bit. A blogpost on a startup which was at that time attempting to demonstrate the effect in an open source fashion was posted on quantumheat.org on 2014-09-08: http://www.quantumheat.org/index.php/en/experiements/dormant-experiments/celani-replication/412-2nd-rule-of-thumb-of-thermodynamics. The company went dark since, unfortunately. I remember reading that Francesco Celani believes that epicatalysis is involved with experiments similar to his'; is there a source for this? EDIT2: accordingly, perhaps if yet another high-temperatur e Parkhomov experiment is to be performed, it could be an interesting "last resort idea" to attempt decreasing hydrogen pressure significantly (ie < 100 mbar) and increasing temperatures as much as possible, which in the end is what Parkhomov basically might have done.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 21 Dec 2015 17:18:00 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7235</guid>
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			<title>JustaGuy says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7232</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco: Short of waiting for Alan to answer, the only problem would be the Colloidal Graphite and I might be able to locate some if he can't. Also, the plumbing/valvin g might have to be beefed up a bit to make it easy to switch things over and I believe Alan can handle that if he has the correct valves at hand (which I am looking into, also).]]></description>
			<dc:creator>JustaGuy</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 20 Dec 2015 22:04:40 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7232</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7231</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG: putting temporarily aside ultra-high temperature experiments: 1) How much HTED-04 potassium/iron oxide catalyst do you have at disposal? 2) Are you able to apply a vacuum dynamically while the cell is being heated at about 400-450°C internally? 3) Are you able to inject hydrogen in the cell in a very slow, controlled manner starting from vacuum conditions while the cell is hot? 4) Do you have cheap plentiful amounts of hydrogen gas at disposal in order to potentially perform multiple heated cell evacuations with it? 5) Do you know where to readily find colloidal graphite? 6) Do you still plan fitting a vacuum sensor or a pressure sensor capable of properly measuring pressures significantly below 1 bar? What I'm thinking is that the currently set up GS5 cell could be very easily adapted for a Holmlid experiment using just HTED-04 catalyst in a relatively large amount (1.5-2g?) and externally supplied hydrogen. Because of the significantly lower temperatures involved (no more than 600-650 °C internal, also just like the catalyst's datasheet suggests) and absence of metals in the liquid phase, it should be a quicker, safer, less messy experiment to perform than previous ones. In order to become active, the catalyst might require a few reduction cycles in flowing hydrogen gas, prolonged pre-heating in vacuum to deplete some of the potassium content (though evaporation. Potassium has a very high vapor pressure) and application of a thin layer of colloidal graphite on its surface. The maximum operating H2 pressure in the actual active runs should be way below 1 bar. In his "Spontaneous emission..." paper published in early 2015, Holmlid used a starting pressure of 0.001 mbar and started slowly flowing hydrogen gas through the catalyst until reaching 100 mbar. At the pressures and temperatures involved coincidentally the potassium content in the catalyst slowly evaporates.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 20 Dec 2015 19:23:28 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7231</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7225</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG: thanks for measuring the coating on the GS 4.2 fuel chamber that at room temperature. It could still be it needs a certain voltage to become electrically conducting and that temperature will greatly lower such requirement. The zirconia matrix in Swartz's NANOR was also found to be an insulator at low voltage (See 1: http://www.ecat-thenewfire.com/blog/nanor-technology-alternative-lenr-reactor/ and 2: http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/108/04/0595.pdf). Yoshiaki Arata and Brian Ahern also experimented in the past - apparently successfully - with currents through dielectric matrices containing Pd/Ni nanoparticles and that's why I've been thinking since a good while that if there's a not immediately obvious mode of operation in Lugano/Parkhomo v reactors, something along those lines would be high in my candidate list. In this case the nanoparticle dispersion would be serendipitously obtained through diffusion of metals in the mullite/alumina ceramic tube at high temperature. As for thermoluminesce nce - not exactly related with that but it's been often suggested that LENR can be amplified by photon emission (possibly in the UV range and above) and some sort of unexpected luminescence within the included material might be able to promote that beyond what is possible with infrared emission from high temperature incandescence. It would be interesting if the metal-doped ceramic tube also had photoluminescen t properties - like a laser crystal. It most certainly won't, but just to make sure, have you tried to check out if the coated side of the GS 4.2 fragment glows in the dark after exposure to a powerful light source? I'm admittedly clutching at straws here, though...]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 19 Dec 2015 06:32:38 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7225</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7224</link>
			<description><![CDATA[I checked the conductivity of the grey coating on the inside of the GS4.2 fuel chamber. It's above 40 meg ohms even across 1 mm. In other words, a very good insulator. The coating is probably fully oxidized metal particles from the fuel. Li2O is used to make specialty glasses, some of which are thermoluminesce nt. Is this relevant? It seems to need gamma energy levels to stimulate: "High energy radiation creates electronic excited states in crystalline materials. In some materials, these states are trapped, or arrested, for extended periods of time by localized defects, or imperfections, in the lattice interrupting the normal intermolecular or inter-atomic interactions in the crystal lattice. Quantum-mechani cally, these states are stationary states which have no formal time dependence; however, they are not stable energetically. Heating the material enables the trapped states to interact with phonons, i.e. lattice vibrations, to rapidly decay into lower-energy states, causing the emission of photons in the process."]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 19 Dec 2015 03:15:34 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7224</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7223</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG: now I see, thanks. Oddly there was no mention about that in the GS4 blog post: http://www.quantumheat.org/index.php/en/home/mfmp-blog/502-glowstick-gs4-run. I haven't carefully checked out the comments however. EDIT: now I remember. That was at about comment #50: www.quantumheat.org/index.php/en/home/mfmp-blog/502-glowstick-gs4-run#comment-6726.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 2015 21:55:04 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7223</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7222</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco You point out a good question regarding the calibrations of 4.1 and 4.2. They should be considered completely separate experiments because of the following: The GS4.1 cell failed early in the run. The end had cracked and all the H2 leaked out. So a new cell was built using a fresh Mullite tube but the same coil covers and thermocouples. The physical disturbance of the thermocouples and the cement fixing the the covers resulted in a different calibration behavior.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 2015 21:34:38 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7222</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7220</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco The large reheat differential temperature (green trace in your excellent graph) is due to the thermal asymmetry of the GS4 cell. After sufficient settling time that delta is greatly reduced and settles around the calibration values. That is the last (pink) trace in your chart. The GS5 cell design was modified to reduce the thermal asymetry, by the addition of a dummy fuel container on the null side.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 2015 17:58:24 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7220</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7219</link>
			<description><![CDATA[EDIT: nevermind; I thought I saw something in previous GS4 run data (I don't recall all runs being graphed together), which could have been correlated with the very visible metallic diffusion in the mullite tube (according to one of the hypotheses I proposed), but it turned out to be mostly a mishap in my spreadsheet. Anyway: http://i.imgur.com/ua9QUym.png Larger: http://i.imgur.com/ua9QUym.png Was the apparent improvement in Active-null difference over time after 4-2 R1 found to be due to a shift in heater placement?]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 2015 12:38:33 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7219</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7218</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG: ok I see; not a viable technique with current equipment then (and likely neither Parkhomov's or others'), thanks again for clarifying. Some possibly related information with what you've posted is that Mitchell Swartz does use a kV-level voltage supply for his NANOR, which is a small ceramic cylinder made of a Ni/Pd nanoparticle dispersion in a ZrO2 matrix. Activation/trig gering is performed by passing a current directly through its length, which by now should sound like a familiar idea. Room-temperatur e electrical conductivity is achieved not only due to its small size and high input voltage, but also (mainly) due to the metallic dispersion within the ceramic material. What I'm getting at is that metallic diffusion within the alumina or mullite at very high temperature as you've observed in a few occasions (and that others might have as well), especially at/above the melting point of the affected metal, might be able to affect the electrical conductivity of the ceramic tube significantly, potentially by several orders of magnitude. This could be occurring from the nickel powder diffusing inside the tube as well. What is called "diffusion doping" in the semiconductor industry works along this principle. http://i.imgur.com/gVcPk3h.gif http://i.imgur.com/gVcPk3h.gif EDIT: by the way, do you happen to still have around a GS4 mullite tube fragment as shown in update #5 in the GS4 blogpost: http://www.quantumheat.org/index.php/en/home/mfmp-blog/502-glowstick-gs4-run? Have you tried measuring its electrical conductivity at various temperatures? http://www.quantumheat.org/images/GlowStick/GS4/GS4-2_t4_s.jpg]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 2015 05:21:31 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7218</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7217</link>
			<description><![CDATA[One last thought: during the core heater testing at HUG, I pushed a small Kanthal A1 coil to almost 1700 C. The wire was surely melted at that point, but the coil continued to conduct. It failed after about 3 minutes, and on disassembly the melted wire was seen to have puddled at the bottom of the tube in several spots.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 Dec 2015 21:48:56 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7217</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7216</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@ Ecco The conductivity of the ceramic is several orders of magnitude less than that of the heater wire. To get useful power through the length of a tube would require correspondingly high supply voltage, perhaps 1 kV. So that isn't a useful technique. I did notice an effect shown by the GS2 burnout that may be relevant. A conductive path formed that appears to be caused by metal from the heater wire migrating into the liquified silica binder at a crack in the coating. From this evidence I surmised that the wire could be dissolving into the cement. http://magicsound.us/MFMP/GS2_burnout.jpg That failure was costly, but led to improvements in electrical isolation of the heater circuit from any possible leakage path (like the DAQ system).]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 Dec 2015 21:33:48 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7216</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7212</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG: interesting; do you think a good coating could also prevent local melting from significantly affecting coil performance? I've often wondered if that would allow usage at temperatures higher than its melting point.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 Dec 2015 06:56:52 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7212</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7211</link>
			<description><![CDATA[It's important to remember the possible effect of cement coating on the thermal cross-section of the cell. The coated cell core will be hotter than without coating (at the same power), because of the conduction path through the cement. This chart is from my note at http://www.evernote.com/l/AXe3SfAve5tDsq88p_KwOnJnZY_ufXLIq7g/ http://magicsound.us/MFMP/Coil_coating_dT.jpg]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 Dec 2015 03:02:55 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7211</guid>
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			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7210</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco Yes - external]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 16 Dec 2015 23:37:40 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7210</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7209</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Robert Greenyer: I'm aware that the external (did you mean external?) temperature was likely lower than 1400 °C in Lugano's case. What I'm saying is that even if it was much lower than that, internal temperatures were likely such that the starting powder was close to melting - and probably melted if heat was internally produced. That the few "ash" granules were retrieved from the inside walls rather than the core could be a clue of that. Ultimately, my point is that if excess heat was produced, it may have not been originating directly within the starting powder. The temperatures reached (and claimed by Parkhomov as well) are inconsistent with this being a delicate surface / catalytic phenomenon at the nanoscale as observed so far by more conservative researchers in the LENR field. On the other hand, if temperature was a tool for obtaining exactly that through different means (PVD / metal evaporation as you suggested in a different context), then observing excess heat would make sense.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Wed, 16 Dec 2015 00:19:12 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7209</guid>
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			<title>Robert Greenyer says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7208</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Ecco The internal temperature was not 1400ºC bulk average, we pretty much conclusively showed that empirically in January tests. It is pretty clear the researchers took the wrong approach to alumina emissivity. We very successfully deposited copper and possibly some Nickel on the inside of too many Celani cells.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Greenyer</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 15 Dec 2015 23:11:37 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7208</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7207</link>
			<description><![CDATA[(continued) As a thought experiment I would also like to add that if one were to take seriously the reported external maximum temperature of Lugano of 1400 °C, that would imply internal temperatures at least 30% higher than that and thus in the order of 1800°C or more, way above the melting point of Nickel. Even an external temperature of ~1100 °C would imply reaching the melting point of Ni internally. Oddly no mention of this at all in the report, if I recall correctly. EDIT: in conclusion, it's possible that whatever its actual internal temperature was, the Lugano reactor might have been intended to generate excess heat through (indirectly) physical vapor deposition processes, ie thin film coating, etc. Most replications have been probably been performed at a temperature too high for catalytic activity at the nano/submicro scale to occur (due to sintering. I'd expect an upper threshold of 700-750 °C for this mode of operation), but also probably at a too low temperature and/or for too little time for PVD to significantly occur. Mullite tubes are probably unsuitable for the temperatures required to test this hypothesis.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 15 Dec 2015 22:31:49 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7207</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7206</link>
			<description><![CDATA[More thoughts both related with my previous comment and GS5 experiments with the HTED-04 potassium-iron oxide catalyst. Some time ago Sveinn Ólafsson wrote on LENR-Forum: http://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/index.php/Thread/1853-Ask-questions-to-Dr-Sveinn-%C3%93lafsson-Science-Institute-University-of-Iceland/?postID=9091#post9091 in answer to a user who asked, paraphrasing, how complex is the treatment performed to the catalyst: I'm wondering if this 2D electron gas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2DEG forming at the catalyst's surface is also the result of the rather high vapor pressure of potassium/potas sium oxide. Come to think of it, Holmlid reports injecting hydrogen through the catalyst at a very low starting pressure, with a final pressure < 0.1 bar. At temperatures in the order of 500-600 °C the catalyst should be literally emitting potassium ions - I remember reading something along those lines. Now, can this translate to much higher temperatures in a low pressure atmosphere of H2, Li and Ni (or other transition metals) in gaseous form - or at least partly so? Transition metal nanoparticles/s tructures are known to have powerful catalytic properties, but they tend to sinter or lose integrity the at high temperatures. What if one were to continuously producing them?]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 15 Dec 2015 22:07:19 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7206</guid>
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			<title>EccoEcco says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7205</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Excerpts I previously cited from Piantelli's patent: (WO2010058288) METHOD FOR PRODUCING ENERGY AND APPARATUS THEREFOR: https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=8A6EEEA9711E5B300A1E683B75923B23.wapp1nB?docId=WO2010058288&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription EDIT: to clarify, in my previous comment I'm speculating that in case this technique is continuously used (instead of used as a preliminary surface treatment), either inadvertently or not, the reaction could be occurring in the metallic gas phase. As the nanoparticles produced through evaporation would be highly mobile, they would in turn also be highly exposed to hydrogen gas in the reaction environment, implying that there would be probably no need for an externally induced gas flux. EDIT2: to further clarify as it might not be immediately clear for everybody, for metallic vapors to be produced to some extent it's not required to reach the metal's boiling temperature. See the definitions of vapor pressure: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor_pressure and boiling temperature: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point on Wikipedia. Related useful graphs in this page: http://www.powerstream.com/vapor-pressure.htm.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>EccoEcco</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 15 Dec 2015 15:44:00 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-7205</guid>
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