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		<title>QuantumHeat.org</title>
		<description>Discuss QuantumHeat.org</description>
		<link>http://www.quantumheat.org</link>
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			<title>Wes Baish says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2830</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Arun Luthra Our hydrogen loading is very simple. Adding an atmosphere of H2 above the material will allow it to dissolve in the lattice. Higher temperatures increase this rate, obviously, and I'd be interested to see other effects that increase loading. I have seen some research on the subject of Hydrogen dissolved in metals and loading rates, but need a brushing-up. In this experiment we might see if the RF field has an effect on loading unless there are objections. . .]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Wes Baish</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 09 May 2013 15:17:44 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2830</guid>
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			<title>Wes Baish says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2829</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Robert Ellefson I am extremely intrigued by the THz resonant coupling in the lattice. Peter Haggelstein has done work in that range with encouraging results http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LettsDstimulatio.pdf, and hardly anyone argues with his math : ). We are getting close to a cell design that can handle laser pulses but the 2nd generation powder cells I have at my disposal aren't ready for it. It'd take quite a bit of reverse engineering. However if you have any basic sketches or designs we are always open to fabricating them!]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Wes Baish</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 09 May 2013 15:04:03 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2829</guid>
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			<title>Wes Baish says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2827</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@AlanG previous research (c. 1963) http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD0403783 pages 13-21 does indicate that reduction of the TiO2 lattice is present at mid-range temperatures and does have a negative effect on its piezoelectric properties. However their lowest “mid-range” temperature was 500C. Though I can’t suggest confidently that our 108C operating temp is safe from reduction, I believe we can at least prolong the material’s degradation. After our discussion yesterday, it’s quite apparent that the chemistry is very complex but not all bad. We don’t have any good way of analyzing the effluent gases from the cell – yet. We will have to see!]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Wes Baish</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Thu, 09 May 2013 14:24:52 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2827</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2819</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Before starting to apply any stimulus signal, it would be useful to know the impedance (both AC and DC) of the cell. These measurements are not difficult and need not be super accurate. More details about the signal source would also be helpful. This will help estimate the effective input power vs. frequency. What is the drive capability of the sig. gen.? If the cell impedance is 1 ohm, 20 volts RMS = 400 watts of input! Maybe a wideband audio power amp could be be used to really shake up the powder. Since physical agitation is the desired effect, I think 10 watts at 20 KHz would be more effective than 10 mW at 2 MHz. You can monitor the input power with a small series resistor, a bridge rectifier and a spare A/D channel.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Tue, 07 May 2013 22:40:44 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2819</guid>
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			<title>Arun Luthra says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2816</link>
			<description><![CDATA[I would be interested to see an infrared laser beat frequency experiment, with a single layer of nanoparticles at a low enough particle density that they weren't in electrical contact. There have been many papers indicating large excess heat (in the 10x to 50x range) from laser triggering, in conditions where some surface plasmon resonance could occur. Excess heat was observed at well defined resonance peaks of 8.2, 15.1, and 20.8. THz. The 8.2 and 15.1 correspond to optical phonon modes in PdD. I am not sure what the frequencies are for nickel hydride. One way to get surface plasmon resonance in nanoparticles is to simply laser them with a wavelength which is larger than the skin depth, so that the fields can propagate inside the material and 'build up' with internal reflections prior to attenuating. You want a nanoparticle with a resonance frequency which is the same as the lattice (phonon and other?) frequency(ies).]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Arun Luthra</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Mon, 06 May 2013 22:42:24 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2816</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2813</link>
			<description><![CDATA[MFMP wrote: "When we originally assembled this reactor, it was baked out at high temperatures (~300°C) not knowing then that the BaTiO3 had a Curie Temp of 120°C. If we heated past the Curie point, will it permanently lose it's piezoelectric properties or just while the material is above that temperature?" There's an IEEE article on making piezoelectric components by ceramic injection molding of BaTiO3 powder. This process includes sintering at high temps, and still yields working parts.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 05 May 2013 22:55:07 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2813</guid>
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			<title>Arun Luthra says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2812</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Basic question: What is the hydrogen loading method for dry powder experiments? Do you take it to a few hundred C and wait ~tens of minutes?]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Arun Luthra</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sun, 05 May 2013 15:23:56 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2812</guid>
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			<title>Robert Ellefson says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2810</link>
			<description><![CDATA[ That is essentially just what we are discussing when I speak of "wideband-orien ted impulse" stimulus, as pulses of finite duration are essentially, for the purposes we're interested in, an approximation of an impulse (the theoretical mathematical construct of an instantaneous spike of infinite energy) split in two and spread out in time. The strength of harmonics generated are proportional to the edge rates and amplitude of the square-ish pulses that are realized in practical circuits delivering these pulses. Repetition of pulse/impulse stimulus is presumed, but at what sort of rate? Defkalion has one notion, Brillouin another, and for our system? TBD...]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Ellefson</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 04 May 2013 19:27:28 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2810</guid>
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			<title>Franco Morici says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2809</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Dear Sirs, considering that you don't know which is the right frequency to be set in your experiment and you are in trouble, why you don't generate a Pulse train stimulus that contain a lot of frequency (harmonics) from low to high frequencies? Obviously the level of each single frequency could be too low but just to start simply the exploration of the RF bandwidth could be the case to attemp. Regards]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Franco Morici</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 04 May 2013 18:01:07 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2809</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2808</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Robert Ellefson Piezo -sourced ultrasonic stimulation of lenr has been reported by several researchers in electrolysis cells. It's thought to involve cavitation and nano-bubbles as the triggering mechanism. I don't see how this would apply to a dry powder cell, but one never knows for sure...]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Sat, 04 May 2013 14:36:07 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2808</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2806</link>
			<description><![CDATA[@Robert Ellefson I think the idea is acoustic stimulus of the nickel nano particles, to make compression waves in the lattice. At 10 mHz the acoustic wavelength in Nickel is 0.4 - 0.6 mm, depending on the propagation mode. So the effect will be more diffuse, generally shaking things up and adding non-linear energy to the system. Most of it will turn to heat, possibly localized if there are standing waves from the cell dimensions. The half-wave acoustic resonance in a 2 um Nickel particle is around 1 gHz, not possible for piezo generation. But a nanosecond electric pulse would do it. At this short wavelength acoustic waves start to act like energetic particles, called phonons. This technique is being pursued by several researchers, Brillouin foremost. I like the idea of a triggered spark gap for generating pulses. Other proposed sources include a salvaged microwave oven circuit.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 03 May 2013 23:27:08 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2806</guid>
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			<title>Robert Ellefson says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2805</link>
			<description><![CDATA[Once you have at least ball-park time-domain characterizatio n, I would suggest designing the stimulus circuit as a self-resonant oscillator, if the piezo-response signal is strong enough. For example, a relaxation oscillator http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxation_oscillator is the classic means of driving piezo-based oscillators. This self-tunes the system, but you need to have the components in the loop be capable of responding within the appropriate time domain, which is why you still need a basic characterizatio n of the system before you can know how to design the stimulus circuit appropriately.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Ellefson</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 03 May 2013 23:05:23 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2805</guid>
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			<title>Robert Ellefson says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2804</link>
			<description><![CDATA[The wavelength of a 2MHz signal is 150 meters. Resonant structures seem unlikely to be stimulated directly in our apparatus at these sorts of frequencies. For direct resonant coupling in our apparatus, you're going to need signals in the GHz or THz range, I'd expect. Keep in mind though, I know nothing about RF-driven piezo-chemical reactions, and I don't have any relevant experience with designing LENR reaction stimulators, if you know what I mean. What sort of effect you are hoping to achieve with the stimulus? Perhaps you'll need to characterize the piezo response time in order to tune the circuit. Absent predictive response information, I'd suggest sweeping across as wide a range of frequencies as you can muster (maybe scrounge up another RF generator or network analyzer?) and then observe the piezo response as directly as possible, in order to characterize the time-domain response of your grain sizes.]]></description>
			<dc:creator>Robert Ellefson</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 03 May 2013 22:45:34 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2804</guid>
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			<title>AlanG says:</title>
			<link>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2802</link>
			<description><![CDATA[The first thing I would expect to happen is the reduction by H2 of the Barium Titanate. From the cell and powder description, there's only ~.03 mole of oxygen in the mix, so the pressure drop may be hard to see. If it does reduce, will it still be piezo active? The chemistry of this stuff seems to be very complex. Since it's used in semiconductor thin films it's also well-documented . One reference I found showed the use of annealed BaTiO3 as an infrared detector. Some of the reduction products are semiconductors (depending on trace impurities) so lots of interesting, complicated stuff could happen... Can you generate a pulse train from the RF generator. That way you could look at the other parameters and maybe even the electrode impedance in between the pulses. Something as simple as a 555 and a couple of fets could be used to do this. Start with a 1 kHz pulse rate of 1 mHz stimulus. You might be able to hear the cell sing!]]></description>
			<dc:creator>AlanG</dc:creator>
			<pubDate>Fri, 03 May 2013 19:36:13 +0000</pubDate>
			<guid>http://www.quantumheat.org#comment-2802</guid>
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